ND Tadpoles as New String States and Quantum Mechanical Particle-Wave Duality from World-Sheet T-Duality

We consider new objects in bosonic open string theory – ND tadpoles, which have N(euman) boundary conditions at one end of the world-sheet and D(irichlet) at the other, must exist due to s− t duality in a string theory with both NN strings and D-branes. We demonstrate how to interpolate between N and D boundary conditions. In the case of mixed boundary conditions the action for a quantum particle is induced on the boundary. Quantum-mechanical particle-wave duality, a dual description of a quantum particle in either the coordinate or the momentum representation, is induced by world-sheet T-duality. The famous R̃ = α/R relation is equivalent to the quantization of the phase space area of a Planck cell ∮ pdx = 2π~. We also introduce a boundary operator Z a “Zipper” which changes the boundary condition from N into D and vice versa. PACS: 04.40.K